By 1707 this flag was known as the "The Union" and was flown from the Royal Navy's mastheads. It was also flown from a jackstaff, a small flag pole at the bow of a ship and it was from this that it probably got its name of the "Union Jack". (http://www.unionjacksupplies.co.uk/unionjack_history.htm)
The Union Jack is a transnational flag full of historical significance. It represents the union of different countries and the growth of a family of nations whose influence extends far beyond the British Isles. This far-reaching influence is still seen today in the incorporation of the Union Jack in other national flags such as that of Australia. The British flag is called the "Union Jack", an expression that needs to be explained. And expression of unity as well as diversity. The Union Jack symbolises all this: respect for individuality within a closely knit community.
2. Why were the crosses named st. andrew, st. george, and st. patrick? are those the names of important figures of people?
a. St. Andrew
Scotland is represented by the flag of St. Andrew. The name "Andrew" (from Greek : "ἀνδρεία", Andreia, manhood, or valour), like other Greek names, appears to have been common among the Jews from the second or third century BC. About the middle of the tenth century, Andrew became the patron saint of Scotland. Several legends state that the relics of Andrew were brought under supernatural guidance from Constantinople to the place where the modern town of St Andrews stands today. "Saint Andrew's Cross"; this was performed at his own request, as he deemed himself unworthy to be crucified on the same type of cross on which Christ was crucified. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Andrew )
Ireland was more or less forced to become a part of the United Kingdom. While it remain under British rule, England encouraged people from England and Scotland to move to Ireland to boost the number of people living there that were loyal to the crown. Most of these people were Protestant and most Native Irish people were still Catholic. The majority of these new people (Protestants) lived in the Northern part of the country. When Ireland won its independence, the northern Protestants feared being a part of an independent Ireland because they would then be in the minority and feared they would be mistreated. Because of this, they protested Ireland's freedom and the solution that was decided upon by the English government was to allow the Northern portion of the country to remain part of the United Kingdom and grant freedom to the rest of the country. (http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100123164143AALEfpI ).
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Cooperation UK and the World
There is a lot of cooperation between UK and the other countries with other sector. Such as ; education, economy, trade, nuclear, military, and many more.
These are 5 kinds of cooperation between UK and the other countries :
1. UK – Indonesia ( climate change summit )
UK and Indonesia work closely of climate change summit. Jakarta (ANTARA News) - Indonesia and the UK have agreed to forge cooperation in information exchange and adopt a common stand ahead of the UN climate change conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, in December, 2009. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and British Prime Minister Gordon Brown reached the agreement in a phone conversation on Wednesday night, presidential spokesman Dino Patti Djalal said on Thursday. In the phone conversation, Brown pledged to pay more attention to the issue of financing sources for the developing countries to preserve forests and play a strategic role in coping with climatechange, Dinosaid."Prime Minister Brown appreciated President Yudhoyono`s leadership, both at home and abroad particularly with regard to climate change. He also praised the Indonesian government for its policy and decision to set itself the target of lowering greenhouse gas emissions by 26 percent by 2020," he said. Brown described as "bold and ambitious" the Indonesian target while many other countries were stillconfined to discourses, he said. "This is something that has come under the spotlight. Prime Minister Brown himself has described it as a bold target," he said. Dino said Indonesia also had pledged to meet the upper limit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by as much as 41 percent in case of a global commitement to that effect. Brown also promised to step up cooperation with Indonesia in preserving the latter`s forests to reduce the impact of climate change, Dino said.
"Our forests play a strategic role in addressing climate change issues," he said.(*)
Established in October 1854 with the signing of the Treaty of Friendship and Trade."Festival UK98" in 1998 in Japan gave great impetus to cultural and sporting links. "Japan 2001," a major series of Japanese cultural, educational and sporting events to be held throughout the UK in 2001, will strengthen them further.It will promote the introduction of cultural arts, traditional culture, Japanese local culture, pop culture and lifestyle with particular emphasis on participatory events. Events are intended to include both viewing and participative occasions.Amongst the more high profile events there is likely to be an exhibition "Sacred Art of Ancient Japan" at the BritishMuseum, a rare event outside Japan; and 'Contemporary Art' and 'Japanese Contemporary Photo' exhibitions are planned as well.As for the performing arts, Ganjiro Nakamura and the Chikamatsu-za Kabuki troupe will come to the UK for Kabuki performances. They will play from the works of Chikamatsu Monzaemon, who is described in Japan as the 'Japanese Shakespeare.' " Moreover, modern Japanese daily culture, such as fashion, animation, industrial design, pop, films and television programmes will be a major element of Japan 2001. The participative events will include demonstrations of Japanese food, educational exchanges, grass-root exchanges, sports exchanges and festival type events in the Japanese style.These colourful participative programmes will be enjoyed by people of all ages and by those in the UK not familiar with Japan.
Trade with Japan (2002): Perdagangan dengan Jepang (2002):
Exports to the UK: 1.5 trillion yen (cars, car parts, wireless sets)
Imports from the UK: 0.68 trillion yen (medi. and pharm. products, cars, alcohol)
This joint participation is a new symbol of the dynamic and close nature of Franco-British military cooperation. France and the United Kingdom are also cooperating on defence equipment and research and technology. They account for half of all military expenditure and two thirds of spending on military research and technology in Europe. The two armed forces are also stepping up their exchanges between military colleges, units and HQs. For instance, a French flight commander is serving on the British destroyer HMS Southampton and a British officer on the French anti-air frigate Cassard.
4.UK – Netherland ( public transportation cooperation )
Various British and Dutch organisations over time have worked together closely to provide forms of public transport. There have been ferries sailing across the North Sea connecting the two countries between Harwich and Hoek van Holland continuously since 1893, with only the First and Second World Wars interrupting this link. The Dutch and British railway providers at either end have long worked together to integrate train connections with the boats, and some ferry tickets include trains to London, Cambridge or Norwich and to most of the Netherlands. A demonstration of this cooperation was when a British train serving Harwich was painted into the Dutch Railways (Nederlandse Spoorwegen) yellow and blue livery.
Elsewhere in England, NedRail is a subsidiary of Nederlandse Spoorwegen, the Dutch national railway provider. NedRail joined forces with the British transport provider Serco and together the consortium operates a large part of the railway network in the North of England: the Northern Rail and Merseyrail franchises. Therefore many of the trains linking Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds and the surrounding regions are run partly by the Dutch national rail operator.
Germany and Britain have bilateral contacts covering a wide range of fields, from exchanges between school children in Britain and Germany to summit meetings involving our Heads of Governments; from football matches between our regional and national teams to exchanges of police officers.
Bilateral and International Cooperation
Britain and Germany work together bilaterally and as partners in a number of organisations. British and German politicians and officials frequently visit each other's country. From Prime Minister and Chancellor to members of Parliament and Bundestag, there are dozens of bilateral meetings every year where a wide range of subjects are discussed. And of course members of the Royal family visit Germany regularly. Many meetings, though, take place elsewhere: in Brussels and the capital cities of the EU member states. Britain and Germany co-operate closely within the EU and other international organizations.
